From: Prospective Industry Research Institute

major listed companies in perovskite battery industry: Ningde era (300750.SZ); Longji Green Energy (601012.SH); Trina Solar Energy (688599.SH); Jingke Energy (688223.SH); Jingao Technology (002459.SZ); Hangxiao Steel Structure (600477.SH); Baoxin Technology (002514.SZ), etc.

Core indicators of this article: perovskite battery preparation process and process equipment; perovskite battery different components of the preparation process and equipment; mainstream coating method comparison; large-area perovskite film preparation technology comparison; perovskite battery laser etching process

Coating, coating and laser etching are the core links in the preparation process

The perovskite battery is formed by stacking a plurality of functional thin films in structure, and its preparation method is also formed by stacking layers of thin films on the substrate. In the whole process, the preparation of three-layer film (hole transport layer HTL, perovskite layer, electron transport layer ETL) is the most critical, coating, coating, laser etching as the core link, coating equipment (PVD, RPD), laser equipment and coating machine as the core equipment.

taking the trans planar structure as an example, the process flow is as follows: conductive transparent glass preparation-laser P1 etching-preparation of first transport layer film-annealing/drying-preparation of perovskite layer film-annealing and drying-preparation of second transport layer film-annealing/drying-laser P2 etching-bottom electrode (back electrode) preparation-laser etching P3-laser edge cleaning-test sorting and packaging. The production of perovskite battery components requires a total of 4 types of equipment: coating equipment, laser equipment, coating equipment and packaging equipment, which require 3 coatings, 3 laser etching and 1 laser edge cleaning. In the preparation process, materials, processes and equipment jointly cast the core competitiveness of perovskite battery enterprises, and the industrialization of perovskite batteries brings investment opportunities for key equipment.

As shown above, the preparation process of different components of the battery is different, and the equipment used is also different:

Mainstream coating technologies are PVD, RPD, ALD

The preparation process of the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer of the perovskite battery mainly includes PVD and RPD,ALD is currently in the research state, and will be applied to the preparation of the functional layer of the perovskite battery in the future. PVD is divided into vacuum evaporation coating, vacuum sputtering coating and vacuum ion coating (RPD).

from the comparison of the three coating technologies, PVD is a relatively mature coating technology at present, which has the advantages of fast deposition rate and low cost, but the uniformity of the thin film prepared by this technology is relatively poor. The electron transport layer prepared by RPD can reduce the influence on the lower perovskite layer in the manufacturing process, but the equipment cost is higher than PVD. The advantages of ALD process lie in the uniformity of large-area film formation, density and no pinholes.

Perovskite layer is mainly prepared by slit coating method

The preparation of the perovskite layer is the core link in the production process, and its film quality directly determines the conversion efficiency of the battery. At present, the main preparation methods include solution coating method (wet method), vacuum evaporation method (dry method), gas phase auxiliary solution method (dry and wet method combination). Among them, the solution coating method is further divided into a blade coating method, a slit coating method, a screen printing method, a spray coating method, an inkjet printing method and a soft film covering method.

Good crystallinity of the perovskite thin film contributes to reduction of the density of defect states and reduction of recombination of carriers. The main difficulty of large-area perovskites is how to form a large number of crystals in the solution to improve the uniformity of the coating. The slit coating method can be accurately designed by controlling the parameter setting of the system and is compatible with roll-to-roll production, which is an important method to realize the industrialization of perovskite batteries.

The perovskite cell preparation process includes 4 laser etching

The laser process involves the preparation process of the entire perovskite thin-film battery and is an essential part of the entire production process. In the production process of the perovskite battery, three parallel laser etching (P1-P3) are required respectively, and the P4 edge cleaning is completed. The function of the P1-P3 etching link is to cut the surface of the battery to form a separate module that blocks current conduction to achieve the effect of increasing voltage and connecting batteries in series; P4 laser is responsible for cleaning the edge to complete the final packaging link.

For more research and analysis of this industry, please refer to the Prospective Industry Research Institute's "China Perovskite Battery (PSCs) Industry Development Prospect Forecast and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report".

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